As a leader of the Xianbi 鮮卑 people, Tufa Wugu 禿髮烏孤 was able to break with the rulers of Later Liang (Houliang 後涼) and proclaimed himself Great Chieftain (Dashanyu 大單于) and King of Xiping 西平王 and Wuwei 武威王. In 404, Tufa Rutan 禿髮傉檀 surrendered to Later Qin (Houqin 後秦) and was bestowed the title of regional inspector (cishi 刺史) of Liangzhou 涼州, but he reestablished his empire in 408. The following years are characerized by permanent warfare with the surrounding empires. In 414 Tufa Rutan surrendered to Western Qin (Xiqin 西秦). The political situation did not allow the Southern Liang rulers to exert steady and efficient politics. The name of the empire Liang 涼 is derived from the prefecture Liangzhou 涼州. See also titles of rulers. Note: The rulers of the sideline dynasties are usually not called with their posthumous dynastic titles but with their personal names as they are not accepted as righteous rulers by official historiographies. Rulers of Southern Liang (Nanliang) 南涼 (397-414) Capitals: Lianchuanbao 廉川堡 (modern Ledu 樂都/Qinghai), Xiping 西平 (modern Xining 西寧/Qinghai) Ethnicity: Xianbi 鮮卑, clan or subtribe of Tufa 禿髮 ("Tufa" is a variant of Tuoba 拓跋) dynastic title {temple name} -----reign periods personal name Nanliang Wuwang 南涼武王 {Liezu 烈祖} 397-399 -----Taichu 太初 397-399 Tufa Wugu 禿髮烏孤 Nanliang Kangwang 南涼康王, Prince of Hexi 河西王 399-401 -----Jianhe 建和 400-401 Tufa Lilugu 禿髮利鹿孤 Nanliang Jingwang 南涼景王 402-414 -----Hongchang 弘昌 402-404 -----Jiaping 嘉平 408-414 Conquered by Western Qin Tufa Rutanli 禿髮傉檀利 (or Rutan 傉檀)

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