Zhang Han 章邯 (died 205 BCE), courtesy name Zhang Shaorong 章少榮, was a general of the Qin dynasty 秦 (221-206 BCE). After the downfall of the Qin he submitted to the hegemonial king Xiang Yu 項羽. He is first known as a sub-general of Chamberlain for the capital (neishi 內史) Teng 騰 and general Wang Jian 王翦, under which he took part in the conquest of the state of Han 韓 and Zhao 趙. During the reign of the Second Emperor 秦二世皇 (r. 209-207 BCE) he was appointed Chamberlain for the palace revenues (shaofu 少府). In 208 he was dispatched to Mt. Lishan 驪山 to defend this place, where the tomb of the First Emperor 秦始皇帝 (r. 246-210 BCE) was located, against the rebels under Chen Sheng 陳勝. Zhang Han attacked and killed some of the feudal lords established in the chaos of the rebellion, like Wei Jiu 魏咎, the king of Wei 魏, Tian Dan 田儋, the king of Qi 齊, and general Xiang Liang 項梁. He encircled the city of Julu 巨鹿 (modern Pingxiang 平鄉, Hebei), besieging king Xie 歇 of Zhao. When Zhang Han was defeated by Xiang Yu he used this moment to submit to the new strongman of China because he clearly felt the danger threatening his further career at the Qin court, where the eunuch Zhao Gao 趙高 had a tight grip on the Second Emperor. For his submission, Zhang Han was enfoeffed as king of Yong 雍, with the residence at Feiqiu 廢丘 (modern Xingping 興平 Shaanxi). Soon after, Liu Bang 劉邦 conquered the region of Guanzhong 關中, besieged Feiqiu and deviated a river to inundate the city. Zhang Han commited suicide rather than again surrending. Sources: Cang Xiuliang 倉修良 (1991). Shiji cidian 史記辭典, p. 487. Jinan: Shandong jiaoyu chubanshe. Cang Xiuliang 倉修良 (1996). Hanshu cidian 漢書辭典, p. 658. Jinan: Shandong jiaoyu chubanshe.