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The 世本 "Generational records" is a collection of dynastic histories in antiquity, centering around the state of Jin 晉. It is transmitted in serval different versions of which the original texts were written during the Warring States period 戰國 (5th cent.-221 BCE). During the Tang period 唐 (618-907) it was also called Xiben 系本 or Daiben 代本, in order to avoid the character shi 世 which is part of the personal name of Emperor Taizong 唐太宗 (Li Shimin 李世民, r. 626-649). The Shiben reports the history from the mythical Yellow Emperor 黃帝 down to the late Spring and Autumn period 春秋 (770-5th cent. BCE), in originally 15 chapters (pian). Since the Han period 漢 (206 BCE-220 CE) there were different commentaries written to the Shiben, namely by Song Zhong 宋衷, Song Jun 宋均, Sun Jian 孫檢, and a certain Mr. Wang 王氏. The versions extant during the Tang period can be listed as follows:
- Shiben wang hou dafu pu 世本王侯大夫譜 "Family registers of kings, marquesses and barons of the Shiben" in 2 juan
- Shiben 世本 by Liu Xiang 劉向 in 2 juan
- Shiben 世本 by Song Zhong 宋衷 in 4 juan
- Dipu shiben 帝譜世本 "The Shiben with imperial family registers" by Song Jun 宋均 in 7 juan
- commentary to the Shiben pu 世本譜 "Family registers of the Shiben" by Master Wang 王氏, in 2 juan
- commentary to the Shiben 世本 by Master Sun 孫氏
- Shiben bielu 世本別錄 "Another version of the Shiben" in 1 juan
The Shiben was in its original form already lost at the beginning of the Song period 宋 (960-1279), but the Song scholar Gao Sisun 高似孫 was in possession of a fragment collection. Qing period 清 (1644-1911) scholars likewise started collecting fragments, which led to eight different versions:
- Wang Mo 王謨, with commentary by Song Zhong 宋衷 (source: Han-Wei yishu chao 漢魏遺書抄)
- Sun Fengyi 孫馮翼, with commentary by Song Zhong (source: Wenjingtang congshu 問經堂叢書)
- Chen Qirong 陳其榮 (supplement to Sun’s version, source: Huailu congshu 槐廬叢書)
- Qin Jiamo's 秦嘉謨 Shiben jibu 世本輯補 "Supplement to the Shiben", with commentaries by Ying Shao 應劭, Song Zhong and Song Jun 宋均 (source: copy in the Linlang xianguan Studio 琳琅仙館)
- Zhang Shu 張澎, with commentary by Song Zhong (source: Eryoutang congshu 二酉堂叢書)
- Lei Xueqi 雷學淇, with commentary by Song Zhong (source: Jifu congshu 畿輔叢書)
- Mao Panlin 茆泮林, with commentary by Song Zhong (source: Shizhong guyi shu 十種古逸書)
- Wang Zicai's 王梓材 Shiben jilan 世本集覽 "Collected overview of the [various] Shiben" (source: Siming congshu 四明叢書)
The versions of Sun, Zhang, Lei and Mao have been reprinted in the collectaneum Congshu jicheng 叢書集成. All eight versions were published in 1957 by the Shangwu yinshuguan press 商務印書館 as Shiben bazhong 世本八種.
What is common to most of these versions is the existance of a chapters dealing with clan names (氏姓篇 Shixing pian), one dealing with the residences of the rulers (居篇 Ju pian), and one talking of the inventions the heroes of antiquity made (作篇 Zuo pian). How the rulers themselves are presented differs from version to version. Mostly they include the genealogies of the creators (the "Three Augusts" sanhuang 三皇) and the five mythical emperors (wudi 五帝), as well as that of what we understand as dynasties, namely the ruling houses of Xia 夏 (17th-15th cent. BCE), Shang 商 (17th-11th cent. BCE)
and Zhou 周 (11th cent.-221 BCE). Except these rulers (wang 王 "king") most versions also list the genealogies of the feudal lords (hou 侯 "marquess" or "marquis"), some even their sidelines (qing dafu 卿大夫 "barons and nobles"). Which noble houses are listed differs from version to version. Totally different in arrangement is Wang Zicai's version which is strictly arranged in chronological order. The genealogies are therefore interrupted with the begin of a new age. For a better evaluation the names of the mythical emperors and that of the feudal lords and their sidelines are listed below.
Source: Fang Shiming 方詩銘 (1992). "Shiben 世本", in: Zhongguo da baike quanshu 中國大百科全書, Zhongguo lishi 中國歷史, vol. 2, p. 942. Beijing/Shanghai: Zhongguo da baike quanshu chubanshe.
| 王謨輯本 Wang Mo's version |
1 三皇世系 Sanhuang shixi Genealogies of the Three Augusts (Fuxi, Shennong, Huangdi)
2 五帝世系 Wudi shixi Genealogies of the Five Emperors (Shaohao, Zhuanxu, Diku, Yao, Shun)
3 夏世系 Xia shixi Genalogy of the Xia dynasty
4 商世系 Shang shixi Genealogy of the Shang dynasty
5 周世系 Zhou shixi Genealogy of the Zhou dynasty
6 春秋列國公侯世系 Chunqiu lieguo gonghou shixi The dukes and marquesses of the states of the Spring and Autumn period
7 春秋列國卿大夫世系 Chunqiu lieguo qingdafu shixi The nobles of the states of the Spring and Autumn period
8 氏姓篇 Shixing pian Clan names
9 居篇 Ju pian Residences
10 作篇 Zuo pian Inventions |
| 孫馮翼集本 Sun Fengyi's version |
1 作篇 Zuo pian Inventions
2 居篇 Ju pian Residences
3 氏姓篇 Shixing pian Clan names
4 王侯大夫譜 Wang hou dafu pu Genealogies of the kings, marquesses and nobles: [mythical emperors and kings], 魯 Lu, 宋 Song, 晉 Jin, 齊 Qi, 衛 Wei, 吳 Wu, 楚 Chu, 鄭 Zheng, 陳 Chen, 杞 Qi (2), 滕 Teng, 燕 Yan |
| 陳其榮增訂世本 Chen Qirong's version |
1 作篇 Zuo pian Inventions
2 居篇 Ju pian Residences
3 氏姓篇 Shixing pian Clan names
4 帝系篇 Dixi pian Genealogies of the mythical emperors [and kings]
5 王卿大夫譜 Wang qing dafu pu Genalogies of the nobles: 魯 Lu, 齊 Qi, 晉 Jin, 宋 Song, 衛 Wei, 秦 Qin, 楚 Chu, 陳 Chen, 杞 Qi (2), 鄭 Zheng, 蔡 Cai, 薛 Xue, 曹 Cao, 吳 Wu, 越 Yue |
| 秦嘉謨輯補本 Qin Jiamo's version |
1 帝繫篇 Dixi pian Genealogies of the [mythical] emperors
2 紀 Ji Biographies of the [mythical] emperors and kings
3 王侯譜 Wanghou pu Genealogies of the imperial resp. royal houses
4 世家 Shijia Biographies of the feudal lords: 吳太伯世家 Wu Taibo, 齊太公世家 Qi Taigong, 魯周公世家 Lu Zhougong, 燕召公世家 Yan Shaogong, 蔡世家 Cai, 陳世家 Chen, 杞世家 Qi (2), 衛世家 Wei, 曹世家 Cao, 宋世家 Song, 晉世家 Jin, 秦世家 Qin, 楚世家 Chu, 越世家 Yue, 鄭世家 Zheng, 趙世家 Zhao, 魏世家 Wei2, 韓世家 Han, 田敬仲完世家 Tian Jingzhong Wan, 許世家 Xu, 滕世家 Teng, 薛世家 Xue, 邾世家 Zhu, 小邾世家 Xiaozhu, 莒世家 Ju
5 大夫譜 Dafu pu Genealogies of the nobles (viz. the feudal lords)： 魯 Lu, 齊 Qi, 晉 Jin, 秦 Qin, 楚 Chu, 宋 Song, 衛 Wei, 陳 Chen, 蔡 Cai, 曹 Cao, 鄭 Zheng, 燕 Yan
6 傳 Zhuan Biographies [of the lower nobility]
7 氏姓篇 Shixing pian Clan names
8 居篇 Ju pian Residences
9 作篇 Zuo pian Inventions
10 謚法 Shifa Rules for posthumous titles |
| 張澎稡集補注本 Zhang Shu's version |
1 作篇 Zuo pian Inventions
2 居篇 Ju pian Residences
3 氏姓篇 Shixing pian Clan names
4 帝繫篇 Dixi pian Imperial genealogies: 三皇譜 Sanhuang (Fuxi, Shennong, Huangdi), 五帝譜 Wudi (Shaohao, Zhuanxu, Diku, Yao, Shun), 夏譜 Xia, 商譜 Shang, 周譜 Zhou
5 王侯大夫譜 Wang hou dafu pu Genealogies of the marquesses and nobles: 魯譜 Lu, 宋譜 Song, 齊譜 Qi, 衛譜 Wei, 秦譜 Qin, 晉譜 Jin, 鄭譜 Zheng, 陳譜 Chen, 蔡譜 Cai, 楚譜 Chu, 韓譜 Han, 趙譜 Zhao, 魏譜 Wei2, 吳譜 Wu, 燕譜 Yan, 杞譜 Qi (2), 滕譜 Teng, 曹譜 Cao, 邾譜 Zhu, 郯譜 Tan |
| 雷學淇校輯本 Lei Xueqi's version |
1 帝繫 Dixi Genealogies of the [mythical] emperors: Xuanyuan (Huangdi), Zhuanxu, Diku, Yao, Shun
2 王侯 Wanghou Genealogies of kings and marquesses: 夏世 Xia, 商世 Shang, 周世 Zhou, 魯世 Lu, 齊世 Qi, 燕世 Yan, 蔡世 Cai, 曹世 Cao, 衛世 Wei, 滕世 Teng, 邾世 Zhu, 晉世 Jin, 許世 Xu, 陳世 Chen, 杞世 Qi, 宋世 Song, 吳世 Wu, 楚世 Chu, 秦世 Qin, 鄭世 Zheng, 魏世 Wei2, 韓世 Han, 趙世 Zhao, 田齊世 Tian-Qi
3 卿大夫 Qing dafu Genealogies of barons: Ministers of 周臣世 Zhou, 陳臣世 Chen, 宋臣世 Song, 魯臣世 Lu, 齊臣世 Qi, 衛臣世 Wei, 晉臣世 Jin, 楚臣世 Chu, 鄭臣世 Zheng
4 氏姓 Shixing Clan names
5 謚法 Shifa Rules for posthumous titles
6 居 Ju Residences
7 作 Zuo Inventions |
| 茆泮林輯本 Mao Palin's version |
1 帝王世本 Diwang shiben Genealogies of the [mythical] emperors and kings: Huangdi, Shaohao, Zhuanxu, Diku, Yao, Shun, Xia, Yin (Shang), Zhou
2 諸侯世本 Zhuhou shiben Genealogies of the feudal lords: 魯 Lu， 齊 Qi， 晉 Jin， 秦 Qin， 楚 Chu， 宋 Song， 衛 Wei， 陳 Chen， 蔡 Cai， 曹 Cao， 鄭 Zheng， 燕 Yan， 吳 Wu， 杞 Qi (2), 滕 Teng, 韓 Han, 趙 Zhao, 魏 Wei2, 田齊 Tian-Qi, 莒 Ju, 邾 Zhu, 隨 Sui, 鄶 Kuai, 舒鮑 Shubao, 空桐 Kongtong, 黎 Li, 比 Bi, 髦 Mao, 朸 Li, 段 Duan, 瓦 Wa, 鐵 Tie, 蜀 Shu
3 卿大夫世本 Qing dafu shiben Genealogies of the nobles
4 氏姓篇 Shixing pian Clan names
5 居篇 Ju pian Residences
6 作篇 Zuo pian Inventions
10 謚法 Shifa Rules for posthumous titles |
| 王梓材撰本 Wang Zicai's version |
1 皇古 Huanggu The age of highest antiquity
2 帝世 Dishi The generations of the [mythical] emperors [and the Xia and Shang dynasties]
3 王朝 Wangchao The age of the [Zhou] dynasty
4 雜錄 Zalu Miscellaneous records
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