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See other feudal lords of the Zhou period.
See Qin Dynasty.
 The remote fiefdom of Qin was situated in an area surrounded by many Non-Chinese tribes in modern Shaanxi, but the rulers of Qin routed back their origin to Dafei 大費, a son of Nüxiu 女脩 who became pregnant after swallowing a black egg. Dafei is said to have assisted Yu the Great 大禹. Feizi 非子 was the first ruler of the territory of the rivers Wei 渭 and Qian 汧 officially enfeoffed by the king of Zhou 周 as ruler of Qin, but only Duke Xianggong 秦襄公 was accepted as a Chinese lord after he had helped King Zhou Pingwang 周平王 after his flight to the east at the begin of the Spring and Autumn (Chunqiu) 春秋 period. From now on, Qin occupied the old territory of Zhou and controlled the whole west of old China. This was an ideal territory for the development of a state with military strength developed by continuous contact with belligerent nomad tribes and with enough resources for the supply of a cavalry. Qin permanently attacked Jin 晉 in modern Shanxi and Chu 楚 in modern Hubei after surpassing the Qinling mountains and occupying the territory the states of Ba and Shu 巴蜀 in modern Sichuan. After stagnations in the 7th century Qin made great improvements by the fiscal and administrative reforms of the legist advisor Shang Yang 商鞅 under Duke Xiao 秦孝公. The territory of Qin advanced more and more to the east, and in 288 King Zhaoxiang 秦昭襄王 called himself Emperor of the West (Xidi 西帝;Qi 齊 being empire of the east). Although Qin is several times heavily defeated by coalitions of several other Chinese states, like in 287 (coalition proposed by Su Qin 蘇秦 and Li Dui 李兌) and in 247 (proposed by Lord Xinling 信陵君 of Wei), Qin as a "wolf and tiger" among all the Warring States (Zhanguo) 戰國 is able to dethrone the Zhou kings and to subdue all other powerful states (the "Six States", Liuguo 六國: Qi 齊, Chu 楚, Zhao 趙, Wei 魏, Han 韓, Yan 燕; with Qin the "Seven ", Qixiong 七雄) until 221 when King Ying Zheng 嬴政 proclaims himself First Emperor of Qin (Qin Shihuangdi 秦始皇帝).
The name of the state of Qin and the Qin Dynasty was used by several Non-Chinese state foundations of the Non-Chinese Sixteen Kingdoms (Shiliuguo 十六國), and for princedoms of numerous other dynasties.
Rulers of Qin
Capitals: Xiquanqiu 西犬丘 (Xichui 西垂; near modern Tianshui 天水/Gansu), Pingyang 平陽 (near modern Baoji 寶雞/Shaanxi), Yong 雍 (modern Fengxiang 鳳翔/Shaanxi), Jingyang 涇陽/Shaanxi, Liyang 櫟陽 (near modern Gaoling 高陵/Shaanxi), Xianyang 咸陽 (modern Xianyang/Shaanxi) |
- The first ancestor of the house of Qin is Da Ye (Daye) 大業, son of Nü Xiu (Nüxiu) 女脩 who became pregnant when she swallowed a black egg that had dropped from the sky. Nü Xiu was a decendant of the mythical emperor Zhuan Xu (Zhuanxu) 顓頊. Da Ye married Nü Hua (Nühua) 女華, daughter of the mythical emperor Shao Dian (Shaodian) 少典. Da Ye might be identical with Gao Yao (Gaoyao) 皋陶, minister and assistant of Yu the Great (Da Yu) 大禹.
- Da Fei (Dafei) 大費 tamed the beasts and birds together with Emperor Shun 舜 who gave him a wife with the surname of Yao 姚 and bestowed Da Fei the surname of Ying 嬴. Da Fei is thus identical with Bo Yi (Boyi) 柏翳 (伯益).
- Da Fei's sons are Da Lian (Dalian) 大廉, father of the clan (shi 氏) Niao Su (Niaosu) 鳥俗, and Ruo Mu (Ruomu) 若木, father of the clan Fei 費.
- Fei Chang (Feichang) 費昌, descendant of Ruo Mu, served Tang the Perfect (Cheng Tang) 成湯, founder of the Shang Dynasty 商. Meng Xi (Mengxi) 孟戲 and Zhong Yan (Zhongyan) 中衍, descendants of Da Lian, are likewise loyal subjects of the Shang rulers.
- Zhong Jue (Zhongjue) 中潏 or Zhong Hua (Zhonghua) 仲滑. It is not clear who among the sons of Da Fei is the concrete ancestor of Zhong Jue.
- son: Fei Lian (Feilian) 蜚廉 or 飛廉
- sons: Wu Lai (Wulai) or E Lai (Elai) 惡來, and Ji Sheng (Jisheng) 季勝
- Meng Zeng (Mengzeng) 孟增, son of Ji Sheng
- Gaolang 皋狼, son of Meng Zeng
- Heng Fu (Hengfu) 衡父, son of Meng Zeng
- son: Zao Fu (Zaofu) 造父; helps King Zhou Muwang 周穆王 (Mouwang 周繆王) against "King" Yanwang of Xu 徐偃王, the king of Zhou bestows him with the clan name of Zhao 趙, ancestor of the lords of Zhao.
- Descendants of Wu Lai see below
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| dynastic title See also titles of rulers. |
personal name |
time |
| Wu Lai (Wulai), Ruler of Qin 秦惡來 | |
| Nü Fang (Nüfang), Ruler of Qin 秦女防 | |
| Pang Hao (Panghao), Ruler of Qin 秦旁皋 | |
| Da Ji (Daji), Ruler of Qin 秦大几 | |
| Da Luo (Daluo), Ruler of Qin 秦大駱 | |
Fei Zi (Feizi), Ruler of Qin 秦非子
Is granted the fief of Qin 秦. | |
| A Marquis of Qin 秦侯 |
|
| Gong, Baron of Qin 秦公伯 | |
| An Elder of Qin 秦仲 (or Zhong, Ruler of Qin) |
845-822 |
| Qin Zhuanggong 秦莊公 | | 821-778 |
| Qin Xiangong 秦襄公 | | 777-766 |
| Qin Wengong 秦文公 | | 765-716 |
| Qin Ninggong 秦寧公 | | 715-704 |
| Qin Chuzi 秦出子 | | 703-698 |
| Qin Wugong 秦武公 | | 697-678 |
| Qin Degong 秦德公 | | 677-676 |
| Qin Xuangong 秦宣公 | | 675-664 |
| Qin Chenggong 秦成公 | | 663-660 |
| Qin Mugong 秦穆公 | Ying Renhao 嬴任好 | 659-621 |
| Qin Kanggong 秦康公 | Ying Ying 嬴罃 | 620-609 |
| Qin Gonggong 秦共公 | Ying He 嬴和 | 608-604 |
| Qin Huangong 秦桓公 | Ying Rong 嬴榮 | 603-577 |
| Qin Jinggong 秦景公 | Ying Hou 嬴后 | 576-537 |
| Qin Aigong 秦哀公 | | 536-501 |
| Qin Huigong 秦惠公 | | 500-491 |
| Qin Daogong 秦悼公 | | 490-477 |
| Qin Ligong 秦厲公 | Ying Gong 嬴公 | 476-443 |
| Qin Zaogong 秦躁公 | | 442-429 |
| Qin Huaigong 秦懷公 | | 428-425 |
| Qin Linggong 秦靈公 | | 424-415 |
| Qin Jiangong 秦簡公 | Ying Dao 嬴悼 | 414-400 |
| Qin Huigong 秦惠公 | | 399-387 |
| Qin Chugong 秦出公 | | 386-385 |
| Qin Xiangong 秦獻公 | Ying Shixi 嬴師隰 | 384-362 |
| Qin Xiaogong 秦孝公 | Ying Quliang 嬴渠梁 | 361-338 |
| Qin Huiwenwang 秦惠文王 | Ying Si 嬴駟 | 337-311 |
| Qin Wuwang 秦武王 | Ying Dang 嬴蕩 | 310-307 |
| Qin Zhaoxiangwang 秦昭襄王 | Ying Ji 嬴稷 | 306-251 |
| Qin Xiaowenwang 秦孝文王 | Ying Zhu 嬴柱 | 250 |
| Qin Zhuangxiangwang 秦莊襄王 | Ying Chu 嬴楚 | 249-247 |
| Qin Shihuangdi 秦始皇帝 | Ying Zheng 嬴政 | 246/221-210 |
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