ChinaKnowledge.de -
An Encyclopaedia on Chinese History and Literature

Qing Emperors

Mar 19, 2016 © Ulrich Theobald
Later Jin Dynasty (Houjin) 後金 (1616-1636)
Capital: Mukden or Shengjing 盛景 (modern Shenyang 瀋陽, Liaoning)
temple name (miaohao 廟號) personal name
▲ name of tomb hill
reign periods (nianhao 年號)
Qing Taizu 清太祖 (r. 1616-1626) Aisin Gioro Nurhaci (Nurgaci) 愛新覺羅努邇哈赤[努邇哈齊])
▲ Qing Fuling 清福陵
Tianming 天命 / ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳᡶᡠᠯᡳᠩᡤᠠ Abka-i Fulingga (1616-1626)
Qing Taizong 清太宗 (r. 1626-1643)
Dynasty renamed Qing 清 1636
Aisin Gioro Hong Taiji (Abahai, Huang Taiji) 愛新覺羅皇太極
▲ Qing Zhaoling 清昭陵
Tiancong 天聰 / ᠰᡠᡵᡝᡥᠠᠨ Sure Han (1627-1635)
Chongde 崇德 / ᠸᡝᠰᡳᡥᡠᠨᡝᡵᡩᡝᠮᡠᠩᡤᡝ Wesihun Erdemungge (1636-1643)
Qing Dynasty 清 (1636/1644-1912)
Capital: Beijing 北京, secondary capital: Mukden (Shenyang)
Qing Shizu 清世祖 (r. 1643-1661) Aisin Gioro Fulin 愛新覺羅福臨
▲ Qing Xiaoling 清孝陵
Shunzhi 順治 / ᡳᠵᡳᠰᡥᡡᠨᡩᠠᠰᠠᠨ Ijishūn Dasan (1644-1661)
Southern Ming Dynasty 南明 (1644-1663):
Zhu Yousong 朱由崧, Prince of Fu 南明福王 (r. 1644-1645)
-----Hongguang 弘光 1645
Zhu Yujian 朱聿鍵, Prince of Tang 南明唐王 (r. 1645-1646)
-----Longwu 隆武 1645-1646
Zhu Yuyue 朱聿𨮁, Prince of Tang (2) 南明唐王 (r. 1646)
-----Shaowu 紹武 1646
Zhu Youlang 朱由榔, Prince of Gui 南明桂王 (r. 1646-1661)
-----Yongli 永曆 1647-1661
Zhu Benli 朱本鉝, Prince of Han 南明韓王 (r. 1646-1663)
-----Dingwu 定武 1647-1663
Usurper in the north: Li Zicheng 李自成, Emperor of Dashun 大順 (r. 1644)
-----Yongchang 永昌 1644
Usurper in the west: Zhang Xianzhong 張獻忠, Emperor of Daxi 大西 (r. 1644-1646)
-----Dashun 大順 1644-1646
Qing Shengzu 清聖祖 (r. 1661-1722) Aisin Gioro Hiowan Yei (Xuanye) 愛新覺羅玄燁
▲ Qing Jingling 清景陵
Kangxi 康熙 / ᡝᠯᡥᡝᡨᠠᡳᡶᡳᠨ Elhe Taifin (1662-1722)
Usurpers in the southwest: Wu Sangui 吳三桂, Emperor of Zhou 周 (r. 1674-1678)
-----Zhaowu 昭武 1678
Wu Shifan 吳世璠, Emperor of Zhou (r. 1678-1681)
-----Honghua 洪化 1679-1681
Geng Jingzhong 耿精忠 (1674-1676)
-----Yumin 裕民 1674-1676
Zhu Yigui 朱一貴 (1721)
-----Yonghe 永和 1721
Qing Shizong 清世宗 (r. 1722-1735) Aisin Gioro In Jen (Yinzhen) 愛新覺羅胤禛
▲ Qing Tailing 清泰陵
Yongzheng 雍正 / ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠰᡠᠨᡨᠣᠪ Hūwaliyasun Tob (1723-1735)
Qing Gaozong 清高宗 (r. 1735-1796) Aisin Gioro Hung Li (Hongli) 愛新覺羅弘厲
▲ Qing Yuling 清裕陵
Qianlong 乾隆 / ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳᠸᡝᡥᡳᠶᡝᡥᡝ Abka-i Wehiyehe (1736-1796)
Usurper in Taiwan: Lin Shuangwen 林爽文 (1786-1788)
-----Shuntian 順天 1786-1788
Qing Renzong 清仁宗 (r. 1796-1820) Aisin Gioro Yong Yan (Yongyan) 愛新覺羅顒琰
▲ Qing Changling 清昌陵
Jiaqing 嘉慶 / ᠰᠠᡳᠴᡠᠩᡤᠠᡶᡝᠩᡧᡝᠨ Saicungga Fengšen (1796-1820)
Qing Xuanzong 清宣宗 (r. 1820-1850) Aisin Gioro Min Ning (Minning) 愛新覺羅旻寧
▲ Qing Muling 清慕陵
Daoguang 道光 / ᡩᠣᡵᠣᡝᠯᡩᡝᡵᡝᠩᡤᡝ Doro Eldengge (1821-1850)
Qing Wenzong 清文宗 (r. 1850-1861) Aisin Gioro I Ju (Yizhu) 愛新覺羅奕詝
▲ Qing Dingling 清定陵
Xianfeng 咸豐 / ᡤᡠᠪᠴᡳᡝᠯᡤᡳᠶᡝᠩᡤᡝ Gubci Elgiyengge (1851-1861)
Heavenly Kingdom of Greatest Peace (Taiping tianguo) 太平天國 (1851-1864)
Hong Xiuquan 洪秀全 (r. 1851-1864)
Usurper: Chen Kai 陳開, Emperor of Dacheng 大成 1855-1861
-----Hongde 洪德 1855-1861
Qing Muzong 清穆宗 (r. 1861-1874) Aisin Gioro Dzai Šūn (Zaichun) 愛新覺羅載淳
▲ Qing Huiling 清惠陵
Qixiang 祺祥 (1861)
Tongzhi 同治 / ᠶᠣᡠᠨᡳᠩᡤᠠᡩᠠᠰᠠᠨ Yooningga Dasan (1862-1874)
Qing Dezong 清德宗 (r. 1874-1908) Aisin Gioro Dzai Tiyan (Zaitian) 愛新覺羅載湉
▲ Qing Chongling 清崇陵
Guangxu 光緒 / ᠪᠠᡩᠠᡵᠠᠩᡤᠠᡩᠣᡵᠣ Badarangga Doro (1875-1908)
The Last Emperor (Modi) 清末帝 (r. 1908-1912; 1917) Aisin Gioro Puyi 愛新覺羅溥儀, later Emperor of Manzhouguo (1932-1945) Xuantong 宣統 / ᡤᡝᡥᡠᠩᡤᡝᠶᠣᠰᠣ Gehungge Yoso (1909-1912)
Nov. 1911 Xinhai Revolution 辛亥革命
Restoration of the Empire (Fubi zhengfu 復辟政府) Jul 1-12, 1917

Source:
Zhonguo lishi da cidian bianzuan weiyuanhui 中國歷史大辭典編纂委員會, ed. (2000). Zhongguo lishi da cidian 中國歷史大辭典 (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe), Vol. 2, 3354-3359.