This is the only one of the Ten Kingdoms that was located in north China, north of modern Shanxi Province. It is also called Eastern Han, Donghan 東漢 - don’t be confused with the great Han Dynasty. The founder Liu Chong 劉崇 was a younger brother of Liu Zhiyuan 劉知遠, Emperor Houhan Gaozu 後漢高祖 (see titles of emperors) of Later Han. Liu Chong was military commissioner (jiedushi 節度使) of Hedong 河東. When Guo Wei 郭威 killed Liu Chong’s son, Liu Yun 劉贇, and proclaimed himself emperor of Zhou 周 (i.e. Later Zhou), Liu Chong saw his chance, and proclaimed on his own part a successor empire named Han 漢 (Northern Han, Beihan 北漢), renaming himself Liu Min 劉旻. Northern Han with its small territory and few human ressources had no chance but to forge an alliance with the powerful Liao 遼 empire in the northeast. Pressed to serve in the numerous militia units, many people left the territory of Northern Han to escape military service. The permanent war campaigns against Later Zhou and the newly founded Song 宋 empire had a deep impact on the economical conditions of Northern Han. In 979 the Song armies conquered the territory of Northern Han. See also titles of rulers (dynastic titles are not listed here). Rulers of Northern Han (Beihan) 北漢 (948/51-979) Capital: Jinyang 晉陽 (near modern Taiyuan 太原/Shanxi) temple name -----reign periods personal name Beihan Shizu 北漢世祖 951-954 Liu Min 劉旻 (or Chong 崇) Beihan Ruizong 北漢睿宗 954-967 -----Tianhui 天會 957-973 Liu Chengjun 劉承鈞 (or Jun 鈞) The Minor Ruler (Shaozhu) 北漢少主 or Deposed Emperor of Northern Han (Feidi) 北漢廢帝 967 -----Tianhui 天會 957-973 Liu Ji'en 劉繼恩 Beihan Yingwudi 北漢英武帝 968-979 -----Tianhui 天會 957-973 -----Guangyun 廣運 974-979 Liu Jiyuan 劉繼元

(5 Dynasties) Map and Geography Event History Emperors and Rulers -- Five Dynasties (5 Dynasties) Government and Administration (5 Dynasties) Literature and Philosophy (Tang) Religion (Tang) Technology and Inventions (5 Dynasties) Economy (Tang) Arts